Complications of Biliary Atresia

 Makelle has been affected by each of these things. When I review the list it makes me appreciate that huge smile and great attitude she has even more!

• Cholangitis- An inflammation of the bile ducts (infection in the liver) caused by bacteria from the bowel. This is a common problem after a Kasai surgery because there are bacteria in the loop of the intestine used to correct the biliary system.
• Cirrhosis- When healthy liver tissue is damaged and replaced with fibrous and scarred tissue. Cirrhosis leads to loss of liver function.
• Portal Hypertension- As the liver becomes scarred; it compresses the walls of the veins throughout the liver. This constricts the veins and blood cannot pass through them properly. High blood pressure in the portal vein results (the portal vein carries blood from the digestive organs to the liver).
• Varices- A complication of portal hypertension. Varices occur when veins enlarge and weaken from restricted blood flow. If varices become too big and weak they can rupture. This can cause life threatening bleeding.
• Splenomegaly- Enlarged spleen. When the spleen enlarges, it traps blood cells and platelets (that help clot blood). The more cells and platelets that are trapped, the larger it grows.
• Ascites- A complication of cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Ascites is an abnormal build up of fluid in the abdomen, causing the abdomen to enlarge.
• Pruritis- Itching caused by a build-up of bile in the blood and irritation to nerve endings in the skin. Itching can be so severe individuals can scratch themselves until they bleed.
• Ammonia Intoxication-When the liver is severely compromised, it cannot break down ammonia (toxic) into urea to be excreted. Symptoms include fatigue, weakness, and lethargy.
• Liver Encephalopathy- a worsening of brain function that occurs when the liver is no longer able to remove toxic substances in the blood. These toxins reach the brain. Symptoms can include: confusion, disorientation, drowsiness, changes in personality, behavior and mood.

Sources: Biliary Atresia 101 (Children’s Liver Alliance brochure), NDDIC website, Medline Plus